"President Abbas' speech today included offensive characterizations that were deeply disappointing and which we reject," said spokeswoman Jen Psaki.
"Such provocative statements are counterproductive and undermine efforts to create a positive atmosphere and restore trust between the parties," she said.
The remarks came after president Abbas characterized Israel's actions during the 50-day war that left more than 2,000 Palestinians dead as "genocidal," and warned that Israel's policies would lead to a situation of apartheid.
Abbas said a resolution backed by Arab countries would be presented to the UN Security Council to relaunch talks with a view to reaching a final settlement with Israel on the two-state solution.
It remained unlikely that such a resolution would garner support within the 15-member council, notably from the United States, which has repeatedly vetoed resolutions seen as undermining Israel.
The council has been trying for weeks to unite behind a draft resolution seeking to shore up a ceasefire accord in Gaza.