Brief Biography of Martyr Sadr

In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful


A Brief Biography of His Excellency, the Grand Ayatullah Martyr Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr(may God be pleased with him) Dissolve in Imam Khumayni as he was dissolved in lslam. Martyr al-Sadr(may His mercy be upon him) (... Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr who was a Muslim intellectual and it was hoped that Islam could profit more from him. And I hope this great man's books are studied by Muslims...) Imam Khumayni (may He be pleased with him), Sahifa-ye Nur, vol.14, p.177 (... his honored sister was a teacher of thought, ethics and pride of science and literature...) Imam Khumayni (may He be pleased with him), Sahifa-ye Nur, vol.12, p.56) A Brief Account of the Martyr Sayyid's Biography The martyr Sayyid's father is Sayyid Haydar al-Sadr who was born in Samarra' Iraq in 1309 A.H. He was a grand marja' (supreme religious authority) of his time. His livelihood was to an extent of humbleness that his family passed the night of his demise without super. He died in the city of Kazimayn, Iraq in 1359 A.H leaving three children: Sayyid Isma'il, Sayyid Muhammad Baqir and Sayyidah Aminah (Known as Bint al-Huda). The martyr Sayyid al-Sadr's mother was the Ayatullah Shaykh Muhammad Hassan Al Yassin's honored grand daughter; and the Ayatullah Shaykh' abd-ul Hussayn Al Yassin's daughter; and the sister of the grand Ayatullah Muhammad Rida Al Yassin, Ayatullah Murtada Al Yassin and Radi Al Yassin's. The martyr Sayyid was born in the city of Kazimayn, Iraq on Dhil Qu'dah, 25, 1353 A.H/2.3.1933 CE. In early days of his childhood, he was deprived of fatherhood and brought up by his elder brother and bonored mother. He completed all hawzah (religious seminary) stages at the age of 25 in 1378 A.H/1958 CE. A year after that, he himself started teaching al-Bahth al-kharij (the top academic stage) at hawzah. His excellency got married with his paternal cousin (the Imam Musa al-Sadr and Ayatullah Sayyid Rida al-Sadr's sister and the grand Ayatullah Sayyid Sadr al-Din al-Sadr's daughter). Five children was the Fruit of the blessed marriage. They were: A son called sayyid Jafar and four girls that three of them got married with three sons of the martyr marja Sayyid Muhammad al-Sadr. Recently, two of their husbands (Sayyid Mustapha and Sayyid Muammal) were martyred along with their eminent father. His most important activities: 1. Teaching al-Bahth al-Kharij (a top academic degree at hawzah) for more than twenty years. 2. Offering intellectual support to Jama't al-Ulama in Najaf at al-Adwa' magazine and other periodicals. 3. Offering intellectual support to Usul al-Din and Fiqh colleges. 4. Innovating a new institxution for marja' iyyat in the Shi'ah world called al-Marja'iyyah al-Mawdu'iyyah (subjective majaiyyah). 5. Esteemed works in Economy, logic, usul, fiqh, principles of beliefs, etc. 6. Esteemed Political-intellectual stances in defense of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It suffices here to mention some of his brave-daring positions in defense of Imam Khumayni (may He be satisfied with him) as well as the Islamic Revolution when the Iraqi Ba'th party cast its fearful shadow over Najaf to an extent that people could hardly breathe: 1. Urging some of his students to attend the late Imam's lessons. 2. Paying visits to the Imam at his house. 3. Sending a detailed letter to the late Imam in Paris in 1357 A.H/1978. 4. Delivering lectures, extending congratulations and closing classroom on the occasion of the Islamic Revolution's Victory, while no other marja could have taken such a due measure in Najaf. 5. Calling for his supporters to hold demonstration in support of the Islamic Revolotion and carrying the late Imam's pictures. 6. Writing a letter to his students who had migrated to Iran to Fully support the late Imam and be at the service of the Islamic Revolution. 7. Writing a letter to the Iranian Arabs of Khuzistan asking them to follow Imam's leadership, as some mysterious hands sought to sow discord between the Arabs and the Islamic government. 8. At the outset of the Islamic Revolution's victory, he discerned the existence of deviated groups as a danger for the Revolution. Therefore, he started to write a series of "Islam leads the life" in order to stablize the Revolution's idealogic foundations. Six issues were published, but unfortunately, his martyrdom did not let the series to be continued. 9. His correspondence with the late Imam, when the Imam returned to Iran. 10. Holding a ceremony in commemoration of martyr Ayatullah Mutahhari. His Arrest: 1. Recent days of Rajab 1392 A.H./ 1972 CE 2. In Safar 1397 A.H./1977 CE following the Safar rise of Iraqi people. 3. On Rajab, 17, 1399 A.H which Followed by Rajab rise of Iraqi People. 4. Eventually, after several abortive attempts, the martyr Sayyid was arrested on Saturday afternoon at 14:30 Jumada al-Ula 1400 A.H/April, 5,1980 CE. On April, 8, 1980 at about 22:00 Najaf's power was cut. At midnight, the Iraqi forces summoned the grand Ayatullah Sayyid Muhammad Sadiq al-Sadr, the martyr sayyid's paternal cousin (the martyr marja Sayyid Munammd, and delivered the bloody and tortured bodies of the martyr and his sister. At the very midnight, they were buried at Wadi al-Salam of Najaf. His scholar and oppressed sister was his most powerful companion in this course. An Introduction to His Scholarly Writings. Martyr Sayyid al-Sadr (may He be pleased with him), like every other scholar, had profounded thoughts and had no time to apply them; of course, regarding the martyr Sayyid its a double pity, for he was martyred at the age of 47. Above all, some of his works were rubbed by Ba'thist executioners, namely, a book about amalysing human thought related to philosophy of cognition and some other esteemed writings. His Most Scholarly characteristics 1. Comprehensiveness 2. Perfect comprehension in percieving discussed subjects. 3. Innovation 4. Reguliarity 5. Logical and conscientious tendency. His Most Important Writings 1. Iqtisaduna (our economy), 2 vols. 2. Falsafatuna (our philosophy) which includes philosophy of knowledge and existence. 3. The Logical Basis of Induction, which includes a modern perspective on philosophy of knowledge as well as a new answer to the philosophical problem of induction. 4. Discourses in Jurisprudence, four vols. which includes three complete series of ilm al-usul in three scholarly levels. 5. Discourses on Explanation of al-Irwat al-Wuthqa, four vols. which includes argumentative-jurisprudential discourses. (may he rest in peace) A part of the late Imam's message on the occasion of the martyrdom of the grand Ayatullah Sayyid Muhammd Baqir al-Sadr and his revered sister In the Name of God, the Compassionete, the Mereifol. "Surely we are Allah's and to Him we shall surely return" the Quran (2:156) With much regret, according to his excelleney Mr.Minister of Foreign Affairs who received that from several sources and Muslim states authorities and according to other soutces, the late matyr Ayatullah Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr along with his revered-oppressed sister who were of teachers of thought, ethics and eminents of knowledge and literature achieved high degree of martyrdom by the Iraq, debased Ba'thist regime in a heart-rending way. Martyrdom is an inheritance which is inherited by the authorized to these dear personalities. And crime and oppression are also inheritance which is inherited by their oppressive predecessors to these criminals of history. These eminents who have spent their lives for the cause of Islam and achieve martyrdom by criminals who have spent their lives in blood-sucking and oppression is not a surprise. It is surpise that mujahidin die in the way of the Truth, while the criminal-oppressive do not welter them in blood. In commemoration of this scholarly and mujahid figure who was of eminents of hawzah, religious an authorities and Muslim intellectuals, I announce three days (from Wednesday, Urdibehesht, 3) as mourning and Thursday, Urdibehesht, 4 as a public holiday. May God compensate for this big loss and grant greatness to Islam and Muslims. And peace be upon the Allah's right servents. Ruhullah al-Musavi al-Khumayni 2.2.1359 S.H/ Sahifa-ye Nur